Albany's regional airport doesn't offer nonstop service to Central Europe, so anyone booking business class from Albany to Budapest is really booking a two-segment journey built around a strong domestic-to-international connection. The most reliable routing I've found over dozens of bookings starts with a Delta or American Airlines short-hop from ALB into a major hub—Delta via JFK or Boston, American via JFK or Philadelphia—before transferring onto a widebody transatlantic flight. United routes work similarly through Newark. None of these carriers fly nonstop to Budapest, so realistically your long-haul business class experience will land you in Frankfurt, Munich, Amsterdam, or another European gateway, followed by a short partner or codeshare flight into BUD. Delta's transatlantic metal typically means Delta One suites with sliding doors on their A330-900 or A350 aircraft, a product that's held up remarkably well against newer European competitors. American's Flagship Business on the 777 or 787 is another solid option, particularly on JFK departures where boarding tends to be smoother than at Philadelphia.
The insider move here is booking your ALB-to-hub segment on the same ticket as the international leg, even if it means an earlier departure than you'd like—doing so protects you if the first flight is delayed, which happens often enough at Albany given regional weather patterns in winter. I've also found that early morning ALB departures give you the best shot at a relaxed connection window in JFK or Newark, since afternoon banks get congested with rebooked passengers.
January through March and October into November consistently offer the softest business class fares on this corridor, largely because Budapest sees a lull in leisure travel outside its summer thermal-bath season and Christmas market rush. Given the fluctuating nature of premium fares on itineraries with multiple connections, setting up fare alerts specifically for this ALB–BUD pairing will save you the tedium of manually checking three different carriers' award and revenue fares each week.