Salzburg's compact little airport, tucked against the mountains, has never handled a widebody from Chicago—and it never will, which is the first thing to understand before booking business class from Chicago to Salzburg. There is no nonstop option; every itinerary routes through Frankfurt, Munich, or Vienna, making the connecting hub choice as important as the airline itself. My preferred routing is United out of O'Hare to Frankfurt or Munich on a 767 or 777 in Polaris, then a short intra-European hop on Lufthansa or Austrian for the final leg into SZG. Lufthansa's Munich hub is particularly well-suited here, since Austrian's regional jets to Salzburg often depart from satellite gates a short walk from the Star Alliance lounge network, letting you decompress after the transatlantic leg before the mountain-hop finale.
If Lufthansa's own metal covers your transatlantic segment, keep in mind their Allegris cabin is still rolling out fleet-wide, so you may end up on an older 747-8 or A340 configuration depending on aircraft assignment—always worth checking your specific tail number a few days out. Austrian Airlines, for its part, flies a mix of 767s and A321s on longer sectors with a comfortable if modest business product, best suited for the short connecting hop rather than the long haul. My insider tip: build in at least 90 minutes in Munich or Frankfurt for the connection, not because of security, but because Alpine weather delays into Salzburg are common in winter and having flexibility to catch a later Austrian or Lufthansa regional flight can save your itinerary entirely.
January through March and October into November remain the sweet spot for this routing, both for award availability and for the kind of soft demand that opens up premium cabins on the Chicago–Frankfurt and Chicago–Munich legs. Because pricing on this three-airline corridor shifts constantly with seasonal demand and hub congestion, setting up fare alerts is the smartest way to catch a business class fare from Chicago to Salzburg before it disappears.